ARTS AS RESEARCH ZOOM SEMINARS 🗓

Title: Arts as Research: Using the Arts for Research Communication in Healthcare

Date: October 12, 2022 @7:30PM

Description:

Arts as Research is a series of 2 sessions (1 Fall, 1 Winter) exploring arts-based research methodologies and their value in healthcare.

Arts-based research (ABR) is the use of artistic practice, such as theatre or photography, as a means to collect, analyze, and communicate research (Leavy, 2015). Sessions will offer an introduction to ABR and illustrate how it has been used for research communication, development of policy, social engagement, pedagogy, and reflective practice. Join us to imagine how you can share your research through art.

Learning goals:

  • Experiment creatively with artistic practices.
  • Learn and engage with the process of creating arts-based research.
  • Identify how the arts can be used for advocacy, research communication, reflection, and dialogue.
  • Define arts-based research and identify its role within the health humanities and healthcare.

Facilitator:

Hartley Jafine
Instructor & Facilitator, Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours) and Arts & Science Program
Lecturer (Part-Time), Department of Family Medicine
McMaster University

To register: jafine@mcmaster.ca

Zoom Link:
https://mcmaster.zoom.us/j/97549562743?pwd=dGhjYitEaXpjU1hsN01zcm1pR1lMQT09

Meeting ID: 975 4956 2743
Passcode: 249736

Hartley Jafine (he/him)
Facilitator, Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours) and Arts & Science Program
Lecturer (Part-Time), Department of Family Medicine
McMaster University

Communication Coach
Post MD Education – Postgraduate Medical Education
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto

Interprofessional Arts-Based Learning Specialist
Baycrest Centre for Learning, Research & Innovation in Long-Term Care
Theatre Games in 90 Seconds: Penguin
Engaging the Stage: Applied Theatre as Simulation

Fall Term 2022: ART IS PATIENT at the AGO 🗓

Art is Patient seminar series

People are complicated. Art is difficult. They’re both challenging: often opaque and multi-layered and hard to read. People and artworks might show up with their labels front-and-centre, but what do labels really tell us? As clinicians or as viewers, how do we approach and understand these layered beings as insightfully and respectfully as possible?

Art is Patient introduces learners to a series of steps to approach art in a gallery as a means to explore the ways we encounter people in our clinics and offices. The course proposes that relating to art and to people in meaningful ways doesn’t require specialized background knowledge. Rather, it requires our mindful, open-minded engagement.

The seminar series turns the Art Gallery of Ontario into a dynamic lab for visual literacy. In each of three linked sessions, we engage with one or two pieces of artwork with curiosity and humility. The art tells us what we need to know about seeing, witnessing and engaging in the context of care. The art gallery allows objects and images to clarify the professional/patient relationship in ways the clinic can’t, giving us space to question and understand our roles with one another, all without the usual pressures to know or perform or explain.

Activities:

  • guided close observation of art
  • group reflection and
  • self-reflection via mark-making

Goals:

  • Foster cognitive skills such as description and interpretation (and better understand the distinction between the two), critical thinking and metacognition
  • Sharpen technical abilities such as close observation, diagnostic acumen, pattern recognition and the perception of non-verbal cues
  • Deepen interpersonal skills with both patients and colleagues, such as collaboration, social awareness and cultural sensitivity
  • Nurture humanistic qualities such as tolerance of ambiguity, curiosity, creativity and self-reflection
  • Understand the role of embodied witnessing in the practice of medicine.

Seminar leader

Eva-Marie Stern, RP, MA, Adjunct Faculty U of T Dept of Psychiatry, is an art therapist, a relational psychotherapist and educator. She co-founded WRAP (within the Trauma Therapy Program) at Women’s College Hospital in 1998. Her chapter, co-authored with Shelley Wall, “The Visible Curriculum”, which appears in Health Humanities in Postgraduate Medical Education (Oxford U Press, 2018) expands on how looking at and making art can vitalize learning in medicine. She is a Harvard Fellow specializing in Art Museum-Based Health Professions Education.

Time and place

3 sessions in sequence:

3:00 to 4:45 on Wednesdays November 2, 9, 16, 2022

In person: Art Gallery of Ontario, 317 Dundas St West

Enrolment:

Open to all U of T Medical Students and Residents on a first-come, first-served basis.
There is no cost for participation but enrolment is limited for a small group experience.

ATTENDANCE IS EXPECTED AT ALL THREE seminar/workshops.
No art experience is necessary.

Tickets are graciously provided by the AGO.

For more information and to register, please contact: emstern@artandmind.net

I Start The Day… a writing & reflection session  🗓

WORKSHOPS WITH RONNA BLOOM,
Poet-in-Residence for the Progam in Health, Arts and Humanities

I Start The Day…
a writing & reflection session 
on vocation, purpose, intention, and burnout in the lives of health care workers

How do you start the day? Trepidation? Curiosity? This workshop offers an opportunity to expore and express what it’s like to engage purposefully and with intention in your work as a health care professional considering the constraints of the health care system and the world as it is. We will look at the impact on your health, and the questions of ‘how we do it’ within the context of a grounding in poetry and writing.

Goals
:

*Learn five rules for writing that can be used to reflect on one’s work, relationships, and life
*Engage with poetry as a tool for understanding and expressing challenges
.
*Increase awareness of the impact of the professional on the personal, and the personal on the professional
.
*Explore poetry and writing as practices of self-care

.

Sponsored by the Health, Arts and Humanities Programme and the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto

Tuesday November 15, 2022 6PM-7:39PM

On Zoom

Register here

Ronna Bloom is the author of six books of poetry. Her poems have been recorded by the CNIB and translated into Spanish, Bangla, and Chinese. She has collaborated with health care professionals, filmmakers, academics, students, spiritual leaders, and architects. A frequent guest in the faculties of Nursing, Medicine, Public Health, as well at teaching hospitals, she brings 25 years of psychotherapy practice to her work as a poet and facilitator.

Ronna developed the first Poet in Residence program at Sinai Health which ran from 2012-2019 and is Poet in Residence in the Health, Arts and Humanities Programme. Her “Spontaneous Poetry Booth” and “RX for Poetry” have been featured in hospitals and fundraisers in Canada and abroad. Her new book, A Possible Trust:The Poetry of Ronna Bloom, Selected with an Introduction by Phil Hall, will be published by Wilfred Laurier University Press in 2023. ronnabloom.com

 

Awake at Work: Writing into Presence 🗓

WORKSHOPS WITH RONNA BLOOM,
Poet-in-Residence for the Program in Health, Arts and Humanities

Awake at Work: Writing into Presence

for Residents, Students, Physicians, Nurses and Other Health Care Professionals

In this session, use writing to explore how simply showing up and attending to your own experience is the starting point for attending to others. Through guided exercises, you’ll have the opportunity to notice your personal, professional, and physical responses –– whether you’re at a desk, in the community, clinic or a hospital room –– and to write about them in a reflective, open, non-evaluative way. See how being awake to yourself might help you be awake at work. No experience is necessary.

Goals
:

*Learn five rules for writing that can be used to reflect on one’s work, relationships, and life

*Engage with poetry as a tool for understanding and expressing challenges
.

*Increase awareness of the impact of the professional on the personal, and the personal on the professional
.

*Explore poetry and writing as practices of self-care

.

Sponsored by the Health, Arts and Humanities Programme and the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto 

Thursday October 13, 2022, 6PM-7:30PM

On Zoom

Register here.

Ronna Bloom is the author of six books of poetry. Her poems have been recorded by the CNIB and translated into Spanish, Bangla, and Chinese. She has collaborated with health care professionals, filmmakers, academics, students, spiritual leaders, and architects. A frequent guest in the faculties of Nursing, Medicine, Public Health, as well at teaching hospitals, she brings 25 years of psychotherapy practice to her work as a poet and facilitator.

Ronna developed the first Poet in Residence program at Sinai Health which ran from 2012-2019 and is Poet in Residence in the Health, Arts and Humanities Programme. Her “Spontaneous Poetry Booth” and “RX for Poetry” have been featured in hospitals and fundraisers in Canada and abroad.

Her new book, A Possible Trust: The Poetry of Ronna Bloom, Selected with an Introduction by Phil Hall, will be published by Wilfred Laurier University Press in 2023. ronnabloom.com 

Cross-Pollinations Virtual Rounds Series: upcoming Health Humanities event 🗓

Join The Canadian Association for Health Humanities and the League of Canadian Poets for Cross-Pollinations this Wednesday, July 27, at 6pm EST!

Who: Catherine Dhavernas and Helen Humphreys

When: Wednesday, July 27, 6-7pm EST

Where: Zoom (Register here: https://zoom.us/meeting/register/tJIqde2vqj0sEtYaQfM3sScnBJbE8rl2F0_A)

In this groundbreaking new series, health humanities and poetry come together under the same scope, combining artistic expression with health practice and research. The conversations of Cross-Pollinations will illuminate new and emerging insights and perspectives on healthcare opportunities and challenges, healthcare approaches and advances, as well as build bridges of connection between health professionals, humanities and the arts.

This series is ideal for people in arts communities, poets and writers, as well as those working in healthcare.

Catherine Dhavernas is Associate Professor in the Department of French Studies at Queen’s University. As a specialist in French literature and theory, her work on the past, memory and modern constructions of narrative identity led her to explore the limits of representation in relation to historical and individual trauma. Through this work she began to study the reception and use of accounts of aging and dying in medicine which led to her current collaborations with physicians and health care organizations in the area of the medical humanities and narrative medicine focusing on palliative care and care of older adults. While on a leave of research in Australia for the past five years, Catherine has worked as a volunteer biographer at Karuna Hospice and led research collaborations at St Vincent’s and Southern Cross Care residential aged care services. Working in partnership with the Queensland State Archives, the rural community of Kilkivan and Griffith University over the past four years, she developed and implemented a number of student-run interventions including the Biography and Memory Lounge projects to address the loneliness and isolation experienced by many older persons living in residential aged care facilities and regional communities. Catherine has been a volunteer in palliative and aged care since 2013. Prior to moving to Australia, she developed a medical humanities course on the challenges of aging and dying for Queen’s University’s graduate program in Aging and Health and began her volunteer work in palliative care with Hospice Kingston.

Helen Humphreys is the award-winning writer of four books of poetry, five works of creative non-fiction, and nine novels. Her work has been translated into many languages, published internationally, and optioned for stage, film, television, and opera. She lives and works in Kingston, Ontario.

Kind Regards,

Ashley-Elizabeth Best  

(she/her/hers)
Administrative Manager, League of Canadian Poets
@CanadianPoets | Facebook | poets.ca | Subscribe to Poetry Pause for a new poem every weekday! | Love poetry? Help us support poets and poetry in Canada by donating now!

416-504-1657 | 2 Carlton Street, Suite 1519, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1J3

MMM May 26, 2022 session 🗓

We’re hosting one last Mixed Media & Medicine of this season on May 26th:

         What is your favorite piece of writing and why?  

It might be a poem, a passage from a novel, an extract from a memoir, a greeting card (please don’t, lol), a rousing verse/chorus, a piece of graffiti you saw on the subway: whatever it is, please bring a piece something that inspires you on May 26th at 6:30pm.

We are not big on rules but in the interest of respect for all present we do ask the following: 

  1. No long passages: keep them at 2-3 minutes if possible. We would prefer you bring two or three brief ones rather than one long one; that way most people get to share
  2. Be prepared to discuss why this inspires you: when did you first come across it? Who were you with? Why does it speak to you? What do you know about how it was made?
  3. If there is a visual to help the share by all means, we are expert screen-sharers now
  4. No violence, vulgarity or overt sexuality: this is not an invitation to make people uncomfortable, or to air political agendas. While we are not in the business of censorship, we will immediately shut down & remove inappropriate material and those responsible.
  5. As always, be respectful; all choices and reasons for such are valid and welcome.
  6. If you see a neighbour struggling, jump in and help out

https://utoronto.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZIpcuihrjwtE9AHX9BQMYoY5pu-lBZVyA9c

Hope to see you soon,

Conor & Jane, MMM

ARTICULATING THE BODY THROUGH POETRY May 10th 🗓

Open to UofT students, faculty and alumni

Event: Articulating the Body: Ekphrasis at the Maude Abbott Museum (Digital Experience) 

Date: May 10. 7 pm-9pm

Sponsors: Poetry Matters of McGill University; Maude Abbott Medical Museum; University of Toronto  Program In Health, Arts and Humanities

Description: In this virtual workshop open only to University of Toronto students, faculty, and alumni, workshop leader Dr. Shane Neilson will take you through several ekphrastic exercises that will be both individual and collaborative. The workshop is deliberately constructed to start slow, at the descriptive level, and it carefully builds in a layered fashion. The body becomes animated and then begins developing links to other bodies and structures. The goal is to refine creative writing techniques. The special aspect to this workshop is that the creative materials used for ekphrasis come from the important legacy of the legendary figure of Dr. Maude Abbott who, according to the Canadian Encyclopedia, “paved the way for women in medicine” and who, based on her work as a pathologist, “laid the foundation for modern heart surgery.” Dr. Rick Fraser, director of the Maude Abbott Medical Museum and an anatomic pathologist himself, will serve as the evening’s “living exhibit.”

Size Limit: 20, so sign up now!

Link for Sign Up: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/articulating-the-body-tickets-309927831487

Art is Patient SEMINARS AT THE AGO-May/June 2022 🗓

Art is Patient seminar series at the AGO

 FOR UofT  MEDICAL STUDENTS AND RESIDENTS

Both people and artwork are a challenge for us to meet. They can be opaque and complex and confusing. People and artworks might present themselves at first with their labels front-and-centre, but what do these really tell us?  As clinicians or as viewers, how do we approach and understand these layered beings as insightfully and respectfully as possible?

Art is Patient introduces learners to a series of steps to encounter art in a gallery as a means to explore how we might encounter people in our clinics and offices. The course recognizes that art and people don’t require specialized background knowledge in order to relate to them in meaningful ways. Rather, they need our mindful, open-minded engagement.

The seminar series turns a group of learners and the Art Gallery of Ontario into a dynamic lab for visual literacy. In each of three linked sessions, we engage with one or two pieces of artwork with openness, curiosity and humility. The art tells us what we need to know about seeing, witnessing and engaging in the context of care. The art gallery allows objects and images to clarify the clinician/patient relationship in ways the clinic can’t, giving us space to question and understand our roles with one another without the usual pressures to know or perform or explain.

Activities:

  • guided close observation of art
  • group reflection and
  • art-making

Goals:

  • Foster cognitive skills such as description and interpretation (and better understand the distinction between the two), critical thinking and metacognition
  • Sharpen technical abilities such as close observation, diagnostic acumen, pattern recognition and the perception of non-verbal cues
  • Deepen interpersonal skills with both patients and colleagues, such as collaboration, social awareness and cultural sensitivity
  • Nurture humanistic qualities such as tolerance of ambiguity, creativity and self-reflection
  • Understand the role of embodied witnessing in the practice of medicine.

Seminar leader:

Eva-Marie Stern, RP, MA, Adjunct Professor U of T Dept of Psychiatry, is an art therapist, psychotherapist and educator. She co-founded WRAP (within the Trauma Therapy Program) at Women’s College Hospital in 1998. Her chapter, co-authored with Shelley Wall, “The Visible Curriculum”, which appears in Health Humanities in Postgraduate Medical Education (Oxford U Press, 2018) expands on how looking at and making art can vitalize learning in medicine. She offers art-based medical education initiatives in hospitals, museums and community studios.

Time/place:

3 sessions in sequence:

3:00 to 4:30 on Wednesdays May 25, June 1, and June 8, 2022

In person: Art Gallery of Ontario, 317 Dundas St West

Enrolment:

Open to all U of T Medical Students and Residents on a first-come, first-served basis.
There is no cost for participation but enrolment is limited for a small group experience.

ATTENDANCE IS EXPECTED AT ALL THREE seminar/workshops.
No art experience is necessary.

Tickets are graciously provided by the AGO.

For more information and to register, please contact: emstern@artandmind.net

Scars, X Rays, Tattoos and Other Stories of the Body 2.0 🗓

Scars, X Rays, Tattoos and Other Stories of the Body 2.0  

A writing workshop for health care students and professionals

Each practitioner brings a different lens to their patient or client: the word ‘tattoo’ means one thing to the dermatologist and another thing to the radiologist. The surgeon sees a scar, while psychiatrists see scars of a different sort. One listens to the lungs, another the heart. Yet it’s one person. Using poetry and creative writing, we’ll have a chance to express the unique way we each see the person before us. Then come together as a group to see the person again, through all the lenses we bring.

Why 2.0? Last season, in “Scars, Tattoos and Other Stories of the Body” we reflected on the stories our own bodies tell. In 2.0, we’ll look at how we respond as health care professionals to the body of the person before us. It is not necessary to have attended the first one; no experience required.

Learning Objectives:

1.  Learn five rules for writing that can be used to reflect on work, relationships, and life

2.  Increase awareness of the possible impact of your specialization on the person you are seeing.

3.  Explore poetry and writing as practices of self-care

Thursday April 28, 2021  5:30PM-7PM
On Zoom. You will receive a link when you register.

Facilitator: Ronna Bloom
Ronna Bloom is a teacher and author of 6 books of poetry. Her most recent book, The More, was published by Pedlar Press in 2017 and long listed for the City of Toronto Book Award. Her poems have been recorded by the CNIB and translated into Spanish, Bangla, and Chinese. She has collaborated with health care professionals, filmmakers, spiritual leaders, conservationists and architects. A frequent guest in the faculties of Nursing, Medicine, Public Health, as well at teaching hospitals, she brings 25 years of psychotherapy practice to her work as a poet and facilitator.

Ronna developed the first Poet in Residence program at Sinai Health which ran from 2012-2019. She is currently Poet in Community to the University of Toronto and Poet in Residence in the Health, Arts and Humanities Programme. Her “Spontaneous Poetry Booth” and “RX for Poetry” have been featured in hospitals and fundraisers in Canada and abroad. Her chapbook, Who is your mercy contact? was published in March.

Ronna Bloom, M.ED
Poet in Residence, HAH, University of Toronto

Poet in Community, University of Toronto
www.ronnabloom.com

Open to all U of T Medical Students, Residents, Physicians and Learners from other disciplines. Register here.

This session is sponsored by the program for Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto.

Plagues Plays Course 🗓

PLAGUE PLAYS READERS THEATRE: NEW DATES!

A FEW SPOTS ARE AVAILABLE IN THIS THEATRE WORKSHOP

Thank you again for your interest in our Reader’s Theatre course. We are planning on hosting the course Monday April 4 and 25th at 600-800pm

We will be reading The Plague, Neil Bartlett’s theatrical adaptation of the novel by The Plague by Camus.

If you are interested please register here:

https://forms.gle/WUdu5D1heejsHHn7A

A link for the on line Readers Theatre will be sent to you!

OUTLINE:

April 4th 6-7:30pm

We will read Scenes 1-11 of the play together. No preparation is required.

But if you wish to read the Camus text – you can try to pre-read parts 1, 2 & 3

April 25th 6-7:30pm

We will read Scenes 12-18 and the final chorus together. Again, no preparation is needed.

The optional Camus text for this section is Part 4 &5 of The Plague.

We will share other readings and materials with the registration link.

The Bartlett play can be ordered on Amazon.ca:
https://www.amazon.ca/Plague-after-Peste-Albert-Camus/dp/1786821923/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1VU0EL62W8BTA&keywords=The+plague+Neil+bartlett&qid=1647838986&sprefix=the+plague+neil+bartlett%2Caps%2C58&sr=8-1

The Plague (after La Peste) : Camus, Albert, Bartlett, Neil: Amazon.ca: Books
www.amazon.ca

For the Camus test – we recommend the Vintage edition translated by Stuart Gilbert. A kindle version is available.
https://www.amazon.ca/Plague-Albert-Camus/dp/0679720219/ref=sr_1_2?crid=39ECVVJAUKQXI&keywords=CAMUS+the+plague+vintage&qid=1647839446&sprefix=camus+the+plague+vintage%2Caps%2C65&sr=8-2

The Plague: Camus, Albert: 9780679720218: Books – Amazon.ca
www.amazon.ca

Looking forward to seeing you!

 

FURTHER DETAILS:

OPEN TO STUDENTS FROM ALL CLINICAL DISCIPLINES

Sent on behalf of Dr Suvendrini Lena: Playwright in Residence, the Program In Health, Arts and Humanities (University of Toronto)

WWW.HEALTH-HUMANITIES.COM

 

Plague Plays

If you are looking for a place to put your thoughts about the life we are living in medicine now join me for an informal reader’s theatre, called Plague Plays. Reader’s Theatre is a great way to interact with one another, a key text of our times, and themes raised therein. No pre-work is required although options will be provided.

We’ll have the option to read the original version of Camus’s The Plague side by side with a faithful dramatic rendering by the British Playwright Neil Bartlett. We’ll read the dramatic version on zoom together over four sessions.

We’ll try to strike a balance between literary and personal engagement with the text. In chaotic times, texts such as this can help us to find focus, meaning and respite.

We will offer optional writing prompts & exercises for those who are interested.

Materials (please obtain your own copy)

  1. Camus, The Plague. Stuart Gilbert Trans. Vintage International Edition.
  2. Neil Bartlett, The Plague adaptation for the stage. Oberon Books London 2017.

Please let us know if you have difficulty obtaining the materials.

Suvendrini Lena, MD MPH FRCPC Neurology CSCN EEG
Katie van Kampen, MS2, BHSc

Teaching for Transformation Conference 🗓

It’s more than a conference.

Preparing health care practitioners for the humanistic, social-relational, and structural aspects of healthcare is more important now than ever. It requires appropriate knowledge and approaches: ways of seeing, being, and doing.

The Teaching for Transformation: Annual Conference+ focuses not so much on what to teach, and more-so on how to teach, although the what and how are linked.

  • Are you working in interprofessional education, educating for person-centered care, or teaching about social determinants of health?
  • Are you committed to inclusive, reflective, and ethical practice?
  • Are you interested in science and stories of health professions education that prepares more collaborative, compassionate, and ethical practitioners?

This conference+ may be for you. Sessions will focus on pedagogies of discomfort, patient/client and family engagement in education, dialogic approaches to education, transformative versus transforming evaluation, submitted abstracts, and more!

It’s more than a conference.

Join us for rich learning through dialogue in a 3-day conference followed by the “+” — the added features of an ongoing online community, and online resources for your continued use.

Teaching for Transformation: Annual Conference+ is brought to you by the University of Toronto’s Centre for Faculty Development (at Unity Health Toronto) and the Centre for Interprofessional Education (at University Health Network) on March 29, 30, 31, 2022, online only.

Follow this link to learn  more: https://www.teachingfortransformation.com/schedule/

and click here to register: https://centreforfacdev.ca/workshop-catalogue/292-teaching-for-transformation-annual-conference/

*Discounted rates available if needed*

(Postponed) Mixed Media & Medicine – this month 🗓

In honour of International Women’s Day, Black History Month & National Poetry Month

We invite faculty, students, residents, fellows, one and all to the next gathering of Mixed Media & Medicine at a zoom near you on March 24th:

         What is your favorite piece of writing and why?  

It might be a poem, a passage from a novel, an extract from a memoir, a greeting card (please don’t, lol), a rousing verse/chorus, a piece of graffiti you saw on the subway: whatever it is, please bring a piece something that inspires you on March 24th at 6:30pm.

We are not big on rules but in the interest of respect for all present we do ask the following: 

  1. No long passages: keep them at 2-3 minutes if possible. We would prefer you bring two or three brief ones rather than one long one; that way most people get to share
  2. Be prepared to discuss why this inspires you: when did you first come across it? Who were you with? Why does it speak to you? What do you know about how it was made?
  3. If there is a visual to help the share by all means, we are expert screen-sharers now
  4. No violence, vulgarity or overt sexuality: this is not an invitation to make people uncomfortable, or to air political agendas.. While we are not in the business of censorship, we will immediately shut down & remove inappropriate material and those responsible.
  5. As always, be respectful; all choices and reasons for such are valid and welcome.
  6. If you see a neighbour struggling, jump in and help out

Hi There,

You are invited to a Zoom meeting.

When: Mar 24, 2022 06:30 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada)

Register in advance for this meeting:

https://utoronto.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZIpcuihrjwtE9AHX9BQMYoY5pu-lBZVyA9c  

After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.

Why not register for the rest of the year and add us to your calendar?

See you on a screen sometime soon!

Conor & Jane, MMM